Showing posts with label Kempis Mountain. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kempis Mountain. Show all posts

October 19, 2014

Trip Report: Mid-Canada Line Site 060 and back

Between October 14th and October 18th I was fortunate enough to take a trip into Northern (Northeastern) Ontario to see a few Cold War (and Cold-War Adjacent) sites that were on my bucket list, and was lucky enough to have a travelling companion who was excited to see some of same places as well.  Thank you RH for coming!  We covered over 2,700 km in four days; saw many things, missed some things, took pictures at roadside attractions, didn't die, but the weather didn't really cooperate.  On the other hand, the weather could have been worse, so I shouldn't really complain!



Bo-Mark Motel

(North Bay, Ontario)

On the first night we decided to hit a Motel; it had been raining pretty steadily all day.  Just down the road from the North Bay BOMARC launch facility we found the Bo-Mark Motel... see what they did there?  Naturally, we had to stay there.  From the outside, the Motel looked a little dated, but it was extremely well cared for inside, looks like it has been renovated, and was very clean.  I was impressed.  I would recommend it to any weary travelers.  They were full by 11pm, so be early!  As it turns out, the dog loves sleeping in the truck, and hates sleeping in a motel, so I ended up sleeping in the back of the Suburban with the dog so he didn’t bark all night - it's quite comfortable back there!



Canadian Forces Museum of Aerospace Defence

(North Bay, Ontario)

This radar console was used by the
SAGE system from 1963-1983;
please note the cigarette lighter
and ashtray in the unit
I was very pleased to finally see the Canadian Forces Museum of Aerospace Defence in North Bay.  Their dedicated staff have the support of the Canadian Forces and understand the value of preserving the CF's rich air defence history.  The museum has recently been renovated and has exhibits dating back to WWI; of course, my interest is mainly focused around the Cold War, and I was both thrilled and impressed with the quantity and quality of the materials at the exhibit.  The staff of the museum are extremely knowledgeable and passionate about their work, you will not be disappointed.  If you are passing through North Bay and have an interest in Canadian Air Defence, you should really stop in.  Check their web site for hours www.aerospacedefence.ca

Cockpit selfie in the
CT-133 Silveratar aka "T-Bird"
What about the underground bunker?  Unfortunately there are currently no tours of the former headquarters underground, it is currently being demilitarized and stripped of all military equipment.  Very unfortunate.  Considering how excited I get to see a bare patch of land where a base once stood, I really don’t care that there isn't anything "down in the hole", I don't need a museum down there, I don't even need a formal tour; just open the door!





Here is the official video of the descent into "The Hole":


 

Jack Garland Airport (YYB)

(North Bay, Ontario)

~10,000ft of runway
capable of supporting any plane in the world.
The administration of the Jack Garland Airport in North Bay astounded me by proving escorted access inside the wire to the Cold-War-era Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) hangers and former munitions storage facility within the grounds of what is now the Jack Garland Airport.  Previously, in case you were not aware, the now-civilian airport was part of CFB North Bay.  The airport's administration are well versed in the history of their airport and appreciate that individuals such as myself are interested in seeing what once would have been inaccessible to the public.  I am very grateful they were so courteous and answered every question possible.  Thanks to them, I was finally able to see the inside of a fairly unmodernised QRA hanger, and see the original three piece hanger doors which are often upgraded to "modern" doors as they break, due to the difficulty of repairing the originals.  They also granted access to the munitions bunker, but I discovered three other people this year has also been knocking; also looking to see those buildings for their own curiosity, hobbies and perhaps business.  If you are them, get in touch!

 

Former CFB North Bay Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) Hangers

(Jack Garland Airport (YYB))
(North Bay, Ontario)

The inside of the right-most
QRA Hanger
QRA hangers would have been built to keep all-weather interceptors (originally the Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck) fueled for take off, and have pilots stationed right next door in a small barracks building equipped with kitchen and sleeping facilities.  The idea was to have the interceptors fully ready to take flight at a moment's notice.  After initially being used for the CF-100, those same Cold-War-era QRA hangers have continued to be used for every generation of Canadian fighter jet since; even for Canada's latest CF-188 interceptors.

As it was explained to me; the hanger door was originally designed so that the two side doors would swing to the side, the middle door would lift (like a typical garage door), and the two supports would fold up and out of the way to opposite sides.  This design, and having front and back doors open, allows planes to power up and fly right from the hanger, rather than being pulled out before starting up their engines.  The doors are massive, and the counterweights and chains that are part of the mechanism are quite impressive too.  I was told that the leftmost hanger (Northmost in the below picture) burned to the ground, and the pilot's barracks was essentially condemned and demolished years ago.


 

Former CFB North Bay Munitions Storage Bunkers

(Jack Garland Airport (YYB))
(North Bay, Ontario)

Munitions Storage Bunkers
Reinforced blast shield
As I've mentioned previously; if there's a military airport, there has to be safe storage nearby to store any munitions that might fly in on said aircraft, and that storage needs to meet certain standards that correspond with the munitions that would be stored there.  Property on the location of the former CFB North Bay aerodrome conforms to that theory with earthen-buried bunkers at the end of the runway.  After the airport was split off from CFB North Bay in the 1990s, the bunkers were not demolished, but instead turned into storage for airport-related equipment.  The bunkers are extremely reinforced, engineered to withstand the potential blast from their munitions going off, and buffer any shrapnel or blast from hitting the airport by diverting it upwards (if I understand the design properly).  They show only minor cracks and rust, and are shockingly solid.  All electrical conduits are airtight and to spec for environments where there could be explosives present; I've never seen anything like it!



 

Near Fraserdale, Ontario


We set up camp near the Fraserdale rail siding near the Abitibi Canyon dam. 
Looking Eastward
near Fraserdale
Considering it was quite late when we set camp, it seemed like the best place we could find in the dark.  Flat, dry-ish after a day of rain, and off the side of an access road by a rail siding.  It was unlikely that anyone would be by, and it seemed safe enough. The next morning one of the locals who lived in Fraserdale stopped by to say Hi, as I'm sure we were a curious site.  I was struck by how friendly everyone was on the trip.  Fraserdale is certainly sparsely populated, but I didn't see any "scary" derelict housing (as I had expected).  I used my camp stove in the morning to make MREs for breakfast, and made coffee before packing up and heading toward Relay, Ontario.






Mid-Canada Line Site 060

(Relay, Ontario)

The MCL site at Relay was already cleaned up, so, except for one pad of concrete and a couple of chopped off telephone polls, there wasn't much... I was struck by how huge the area was that was remediated, and how there's absolutely no hint of the troposcatter antennas, buildings, or anything.
The road to get to the site was ~5km long, and easily walkable within an hour.  What seem to be drainage ditched have been cut into the road, and mesh fastened to the ground presumably to prevent erosion.  These ditches, while inconvenient, were not hard to jump over, and we did not get too wet.  One of the ditches has been dammed by a beaver on the West side, making quite the lake on the West side of the road, and covering the road with water.

View of the former MCL Site 060 from the Northwest end, looking SSE
Jasper, our 8 month old Great Pyrenees posing like a professional model by the train tracks, picture taken looking East
This beautiful Vulpes vulpes, the Northern Red Fox, didn't stick around long when he saw Jasper - but was very curious about us before running off into the tree line.






Travelling from Relay ON to Otter Rapids ON


Prior to taking the trip, using the latest Bing Satellite imagery, I was able to see a path existed on the West side of  the Abitibi, but I couldn’t tell exactly how well maintained that road was.  As it turns out, it's not terrible, but it was a little scary at times.  The road does have mile-markers along the way to give you a hint that you're on the right track, and overall at every road juncture the most travelled road is the "right" road to take when travelling from Relay to Otter Rapids.  I would not recommend this road for any car, it will bottom out and destroy the vehicle.  A 4WD Jeep, truck or large SUV required to make it, IMHO.


 

Otter Rapids Dam

(Otter Rapids, Ontario)

Overcast skies put a damper on the photography, but the size and power of the water that is flowing through the dam is mind-boggling.  I think this is somewhere more people should make the trip to see.  If I understand correctly, a lot of Toronto's power comes from this generating station.

Unfortunately I did not get any response to my attempts to contact OPG, so I was unable to schedule a tour of the facility.  While Hydro Quebec publicly offers free tours of many of their remote sites, I get the impression OPG doesn't feel any reason to do so.  Thanks a lot, eh.



New Post Falls

(between the Otter Rapids and Abitibi Canyon Dams)

This part of the trip was a failure, partially due to using up all my testosterone and bravery on the segment between Relay and Otter Rapids earlier in the day, partially because we were running out of light, and the weather looked like it was going to suck even more than it had been.  Let me explain.

The plan was to leave the main road (Otter Rapids Road / Green circle), travel along a trail to a spot that has a marked walking trail (Blue circle), and walk to the bottom of where the water from the falls comes out and is more calm; a 15 minute "hike".

Maybe I should have gunned it?
However, along the way we found a large body of water on the trail, and I was concerned that I didn't have sufficient self recovery tools aboard to SS Suburban in case we got stuck or soaked something electrical.  I wasn't sure of the depth or condition of the road under the water, so we decided not to go to New Post Falls that day.  Also influencing the decision was I didn't know exactly how many km we were from the trail head.  Further influencing the decision to turn back was the time of day, less than a half hour from sun down, and it was raining off and on.  The gods were not smiling on us, so we turned back.

Now that I look at the trail on Bing's satellite imagery again, I can see the water hazard on the road just ahead of where we stopped the Suburban.  Also in hindsight, I can see that the waterfall would have been ~6km ahead if we'd walked it from there.  Good to know for next time.

Travelling back to the Abitibi Canyon Dam to cross over in the dark was quite easy on the exceptionally good unpaved road on the East side of the Abitibi River; completely unlike the road on the West side of the river we had taken earlier.


Leave the main road - Green
Planned park and hike - Blue
Significant water on road - Red

Water Hazard as shown on Bing Maps


Country Inn Bar and Grill

(Val Gagne, Ontario)

We made it back as far as Val Gagne that evening and got a room out of the rain.  Jasper was initially very twitchy, as every noise in the Motel made him want to check and see what was what.  Eventually he fell into a deep-enough sleep and let us sleep as well.

While I was apprehensive, since there is an Adult Entertainment establishment next door, the room was actually pretty comfortable, and the bathroom was nice enough (tho dated looking).  Their coffee was absolutely terrible, but their breakfast was delicious - fantastic bacon, sausages and eggs won me over.

Photo Courtesy of RH

Mid-Canada Line Site 070

(Mount Kempis, Ontario)

While there is really nothing left of the Kempis Mountain Troposcatter site
(per my previous blog entries) we did stop to see the view since it seemed appropriate; We'd been to the Air Defence Museum in North Bay, and the next hop in the network at Relay after all!

View of Ramore from Kempis Mountain

In conclusion...


Every time I take a trip like this I learn a little more about how to make the next one better.  As I chew on the experience I expect to make a list of ways I could have improved it... not to take away from the awesome time that I did have, but to say; what could I do better next time?







November 27, 2013

Mid-Canada Line Site 070 - Mount Kempis, Ontario

Site Name: Mid-Canada Line Site 070
Location: Mount Kempis, Ontario
Built: 1956
Operational: 1957 - 1965
Coordinates: 48.3767, -80.2679
Lot/Concession: Cook. Con 1. Lot 12
Condition: Remediated
Current Ownership: Unknown
Distance from paved road: ~1.5Km
Condition of access road: Once off Highway 11 the main access road is North Butler Lake Road, an unpaved but well maintained road.  The side roads to locations of the antennas and where buildings would have been are in good shape, 4-Wheel Drive is not required (but additional clearance for rocks on the road would be beneficial)

Overview/Background:

The Mid-Canada Line was a radar fence set up West-East across all of Canada to supplement the Pinetree Line. The fence proved too remote to be economically feasible, and was shut down only years after it was set up. While it was working, tens of thousands of enlisted personnel and civilian employees constructed and maintained a line of refueling stations and radar outposts across the country. The radar signals gathered were bounced from Fort Albany to Kempis Mountain via Troposcatter Repeaters. Each of the "hops" along the troposcatter repeaters required enormous amounts of power, and because of the remote location of these bases, they were fueled by massive diesel generators. Unfortunately Diesel and lubricants were spilled at many of these locations and left to fester for decades. As a result of the environmental contamination the federal government has started to clean up these locations, dig up the contaminated soil, and the surrounding area, truck off the soil for "disposal", and return the land to as it used to be - more or less. This is unfortunate for me (perhaps the only person in the world who would complain about an environmental cleanup) because the structures, roads, foundations, etc. are being dug up - leaving less for me to see when I go these locations! I'm still visiting these "cleaned up" sites, as the buildings themselves are only one aspect of the location. The view from the tops of the mountains, the journey, the roads, the airstrips, the wildlife, and so forth, make the rest of the adventure for me.

A pair of troposcatter antennas (pointed at the horizon) were on top of Mount Kempis; as well as generators, living quarters, and reportedly even a baseball diamond.  I am not completely certain about all of what was where because it has been so well scrubbed from the site.  A trip to the National Air Photo library is needed, once again, to see aerial imagery from the time.

Directions:

If you are coming from Ottawa, take Highway 11 North from North  Bay until you reach the North Butler Lake Road turn off (48.3728, -80.2567).  North Butler Lake Road is well maintained, but I wouldn't do this trip in the winter.  Once on North Butler Lake Road there will be several turn offs to the right (North).  The first before the hydro line, the 2nd after the hydro line leads to the microwave repeater site, and the 3rd turn to the right leads to the fire tower.

Trip Report:

I have personally visited this site twice.  In late August of 2012, on the way to Northern Ontario, I arrived shortly after dawn and had a look around; after driving there in my 2WD 1999 Dodge Ram.  In 2013 I visited with Mike Milinkovich and stopped in to get a picture of him in front of the plaque commemorating the remediation of the site.  That time I did less driving around on the mountain, but had brought my 1999 (then 2WD) GMC Suburban.  As mentioned above, this is an easily accessible site, there is no 4WD-requirement.

Maps

Mount Kempis
atlas.gc.ca
Google Maps (Pre-Remdiation)

View Larger Map

Bing Maps (Post-Remediation)




Photographs

The images in the below slideshow are the pictures I took in August of 2012.



I'm very thankful to Mike Milinkovich for introducing me to Raymond Fortin who took the following pictures in the late 1950s while he was at Mount Kempis.


Electronic Test Equipment - MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin



Equipment Room - MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin


Equipment Room - MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin


Test Board - MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin



Entrance to Equipment Room - MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin


  MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin


Power House, Diesel Tanks, Living Quarters - MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin


Troposcatter Antenna @ MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin
 
Troposcatter Antennas - MCL Site 070 Mount Kempis
Photo by Raymond Fortin
Site Up North
Photo by Raymond Fortin

August 29, 2013

Mike Milinkovich's stories of the Mid-Canada Line


Last year I visited the former Troposcatter receiver site at Kempis Mountain for the first time, where the signal from Relay was received from the Mid-Canada Line farther north, and shunted to North Bay via land-line.  Realistically, I don't know how many other Mid-Canada Line related sites I'll be able to reach.  Hopfully Relay Ontario (MCL Site 060) next year, we'll see.
However, I've made contact with someone who worked on the Mid-Canada Line, is local to Ramore, and who's been able to pinpoint for me where the Ramore GATR Site was.  Mike has lots of stories about his time on the Mid-Canada Line.  The more stories I hear of the Mid-Canada Line and Pinetree Line, the more I realize there are vast volumes of untold Canadian stories that are waiting to become books, biographies, and screenplays.
Originally published on Larry Wilson's Mid-Canada Line "War Stories" page on his web site here and here I've reposted Mike Milinkovich's stories below, with Mike's permission.
I opened the MCL “War Stories” to read and was struck by how many people wrote of their experiences at 309 DDS! I’m not superstitious, but I really wonder if there were “spirits” other than those found in a bottle that made 309 DDS their home?
I was the first 309 DDS “tech” or the “Installation & Maintenance Representative” as Ma Bell called us. After graduating from the third wave from the MCL School in Montreal as a bright-eyed and bushy-tailed 20-year old I arrived on site in the early fall of 1956.
I lived in a tent for the first 3-4 months while the living quarters and equipment/power rooms were being built. After 53 years I would like to relate some of my experiences, events and occurrences that some may find interesting.
  • The first time I ever flew in a single engine fixed wing aircraft was the flight from Knob Lake to 309 DDS lake head. The pilot seemed crazy to me. I got in the plane, sat right beside the pilot and we took off. In a few minutes he reached into his jacket pocket and took out a pocket book that he propped up somehow between his knees and the joy stick and we bounced along on what I thought was a rough flight until we floated down to land on the lake. He never said a word to me the whole time up in the air but just read his damn book, landed, came to a stop at the dock then told me to get my bags and get out of his plane!
  • We had no water on site; water was brought in by two pails hanging down from a yoke carried by one of our Portuguese labourers from a lake about one mile downhill and one mile back up. I bet he developed the strongest legs in Canada as he did this for many hours every day!
  • That lake was also full of speckled trout. I had a few artificial lures that never worked well so I got the idea of tying a small hook to a wooden match stick that I had shaved back to create “curls”. The first cast, a trout took it within seconds. I used those wooden match sticks as “trout flies” from then on!
  • Washing clothes was a problem until we decided to use our cement mixer. It worked fine but it sure beat the heck out of our clothes!
  • We had a burly looking cook who spent about 4 months at 309 DDS; he was a nice enough guy, especially as he was always mildly drunk and in good humour with the home brew he made from tomato juice. One day a helicopter dropped in with two Mounties on board. They took our cook away. He was wanted for multiple murders in Montreal!
  • We had a “cookie” that was mildly mentally handicapped but a very good worker. Three “Newfy” steel riggers came and spent a little over a month erecting towers. From almost the first day that they arrived they teased the cookie mercilessly. The final morning when the Newfies were leaving and waiting for the helicopter, one of them apologized to the cookie and said they were sorry for teasing him and hoped he would forgive them. The cookie accepted their apology, said he forgave them, and also said from then on he would stop pissing in their coffee pot!
  • The bush pilots flying supplies into our site were unbelievable. That first winter we had very heavy winds blowing day after day for weeks. This caused snow drifts at least 3 to 4 feet high that looked like waves on the lake where the planes normally landed. We were running really short of food and fuel so one of the pilots said he would try to land. He did, miraculously, without crashing and with a full load.
  • 309 DDS was located in an area that was surrounded by a number of lakes, some fairly large. All of them had fantastic fishing. One spot I always wanted to try and fish was the Caniapiscau River. Although you could see the river from our site it was too far away to walk through the rough bush and up and down some fairly steep hills. At a guess, I think the river was about 8 to 10 miles from our site.
  • One of the best fishing spots I used to go to quite often was to a large lake about 4 – 5 miles South West of our DDS site. My favourite spot was also the favourite spot of black bears. A narrow but deep creek ran into the lake at the location I usually fished. On both sides of the creek, foot paths were worn quite deep into the soil over the years by bears fishing in the spring for spawning suckers. When the ice started to melt off the lake and there was about 50 – 75 feet of open water you could catch beautiful lake trout each weighing anywhere from 10 to 25 pounds with almost every cast. Most of these I just let go and only brought back one or two because the 4 – 5 mile walk back to camp was uphill all the way!
  • I had heard a story that one of the Installation & Maintenance reps that came after me, who was Australian, was killed by a black bear at 309 DDS. I often wondered if he was killed at “my” fishing spot. There certainly were a lot of bears around there but I never actually saw one; just their tracks, paths and claw marks where they marked their territory on trees.
  • One of the very few times that I flew into Knob Lake I bought a shotgun. There were a lot of ptarmigans around the site that I wanted to hunt so I bought a Winchester pump action .410 shotgun. I had never seen a .410 pump action before. It was a beautiful little shotgun. Soon after I bought it I went hunting. It was really cold, at a guess about -30 with a pretty stiff breeze that probably created a wind chill of around -40. I quickly came upon a covey of ptarmigan, about 4 or 5. I released the safety, drew a bead and pulled the trigger. Nothing happened! I thought the shell must be bad so I tried to pump in another. The pump action was jammed! I couldn’t do a darn thing. The birds all flew away. Ptarmigan are not afraid of humans and you can usually get close to them but eventually they do move away. I was so disgusted with my pretty little shotgun that I traded it for a short wave radio a week or so later to one of the construction crew. That was a dumb thing to do but I was young and could be considered “unworldly” if not downright stupid. The problem with the shotgun was that I had used ordinary gun grease. I should have used graphite gun grease! The grease I did use simply froze in the extremely low temperature and completely jammed the shotgun. I have never seen a .410 pump action Winchester shotgun since that time way back in 1956. It was an unusual shotgun that I wished I had today as I now live in the country with a lot of good partridge hunting close by.

These are just some of the stories from a time in my life when every day was a wonderful challenge and every experienced was relished. I felt so lucky that I was able to travel to the far north and see a part of Canada that few Canadians ever have a chance to see. After the Mid Canada line, I worked on the DEW line on Baffin Island and Winisk and finally on the Pine tree line where I visited each military radar site in Canada from Holberg on the tip of Vancouver Island to Newfoundland. I was on loan to the DND Inspection Services on the Pine tree line. It was during one of my Mid Canada assignments South of Matheson Ontario at site 070, Kempis Mountain, that I met and married the most beautiful and wonderful girl in the world and we are still together. Below is a picture of her at 68 years old as the “BRM Belles” Red Hat Queen at the Matheson Fall Fair.


Mike also happens to be the Mayor of the township surrounding Ramore; The Township of Black River-Matheson.  Since Mike worked along the Mid-Canada Line and at Kempis Mountain, it seemed appropriate that in 2009 when the site was shut down, he was involved, and wrote this.


The Final Chapter for Mid Canada Line Site 070
By: Mike Milinkovich
Mike Milinkovich August 28th 2013 @ Kempis Mountain

November 12, 2009 is the day that the final chapter was written about the “Cold War” that began just after WW II between the Soviet Union and the Western allies. I began work at Kempis Mountain in the late 1950’s and participated in the ceremony on November 12th that signalled the final chapter in the history of “Mid-Canada Line site 070” in the Township of Black River-Matheson.

The establishment of the North American Air Defence Command (NORAD) coincided with the flight of Russia’s Sputnik I (the first man-made object shot into space orbit) and the successful launch of the first Soviet Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). The Canadian and American government’s agreement to create NORAD to counter a Soviet nuclear-armed bomber threat was reached in August 1957 and formally signed in May 1958.

Subsequently the three early warning radar detection systems built in the late 1950’s, the U.S.-built Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line, the Canadian built and manned Mid-Canada Line (MCL), and the jointly erected Pinetree Line became critical NORAD components.

In 1955-56, Kempis Mountain, also known as Mid-Canada Line site 070 was built. Site 070 was the last link of a chain of Mid-Canada Line communications sites that stretched north to Hudson Bay. Site 070 was not a radar site but a communication site linked to similar sites at site 060 (also called Relay and located 80 miles North of Cochrane), site 050 at Ft. Albany and finally to site 415 located at Cape Henrietta Maria on the western shore of James Bay.

Data that was collected by the Mid-Canada Line Doppler Detection Sites (Radar sites) was transmitted south from site 070 by land line to the “Hole” in North Bay. The “Hole”, as it was called, was the co-located headquarters for the northern region of NORAD. The other NORAD headquarters site was located in the Cheyenne Mountains in Colorado. Together, these two sites controlled North American defences against potential threats from the air by analyzing data and information from the northern radar lines to determine if jets had to be scrambled to meet potential threats from attacking forces.

During the construction of site 070 and during the years it was manned, people from the Township of Black River-Matheson played a big part. The road up Kempis Mountain and the levelling of the site for construction was done primarily by the late Vic Hembruff’s company now called R. J. Lougheed Trucking Ltd. and currently owned by Bob Lindsay. Much of the concrete work and construction was completed by a company called H & D Construction and owned at the time by the late Ernie Dambrowitz and Floyd Hembruff. Sadly this company no longer exists. Many people from the towns of Holtyre, Matheson, Ramore, Shillington and Val Gagne also worked for years at various occupations at the site.

Unfortunately one of the dangerous legacies left behind at all the sites across Canada including site 070 is an organic chemical compound called “Polychlorinated biphenyl” or as commonly known, PCBs. This chemical was commonly used for many years in various types of electronic equipment installed at all the sites. In addition, tests were conducted to identify Hydrocarbons and metals and when found were removed.

You may ask, “So what’s the big deal?” The big deal is that PCBs are classified as “persistent organic pollutants” meaning PCBs never degrade or disappear but persist in the environment and accumulate in human and animal tissue. The only way to get rid of it from the environment is to remove it and destroy it by various methods at specially designed facilities. PCBs can cause serious health problems in humans and other mammals such as lowering of the immune system, birth defects, health problems such as cancer and diabetes or a failure by males to reproduce.

The team that successfully completed the cleanup operation over a relatively short timeframe began work on site August 26, 2009 and completed the project in November 2009. The team included representatives from the Matachewan First Nation (MFN), SNC-Lavalin Inc. (SLI), Golder Associates Innovative Application (GAIA), an affiliate of GAIA’s called Golder Associates Limited (GAL), AirZOne One (OZO), and the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR).

By the end of the project the team had removed over 17,000 tons of material from Kempis Mountain. This material was trucked to sites in Quebec and other locations in Ontario for proper disposal. In total 2342 samples of soil, leachate, hydrocarbons, concrete, bedrock, PCB wipe tests for non-porous materials and water were tested for contaminates.

As Mayor, I was honoured to be asked to participate in the closing ceremonies to represent the Township of Black River-Matheson and also from a personal perspective as one of the “survivors” whose site 070 story began over 50 years ago. From 1956 to 1961 it was my privilege to have worked on all three Radar lines; MCL, DEW and Pinetree. I worked in every Province in Canada from the tip of Vancouver Island at Holdberg to Newfoundland and Labrador, in the Northwest Territories and further north above the Arctic Circle on Baffin Island. This experience profoundly cemented my deep love and appreciation of this wonderful country of ours at an early age.

We should all be thankful that the Federal and Provincial governments have agreed to work together to fund the cleanup of this cold war era mess so future generations of Canadians will be protected. In particular the Ontario government’s Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) and Minister Donna Cansfield should be congratulated for becoming the lead agency in coordinating the cleanup efforts.

I wish them luck and God speed in cleaning up all the other sites in Northern Ontario.

Mike Milinkovich, Mayor
Township of Black River-Matheson




June 25, 2013

Kempis Mountain - Long Lines / TD-2 Site

Last summer, when I passed through Black River-Matheson I stopped at Kempis Mountain to see the remediated site that was the Mid Canada Line site 070 - the last Tropscatter receiver which fed Doppler radar signals to "The Hole" in North Bay, from Kempis to North Bay by land line.  The signal was skipped off the troposphere from a repeater in Relay, Ontario, repeating the signal from Fort Albany, Ontario.  Anyhow, that was what I was going to look at - and there wasn't much left but a plaque, as the site had been totally "remediated"

Plaque @ MCL Site 070 - Kempis
What I was surprised to find was a rather beefy old steel massive self supporting microwave tower at the peak of the mountain, along with some steel prefab buildings that also looked vintage.

Microwave Tower @ Kempis Mountain
Thanks to the information provided to an expert in the field and in the area (Thank you MM!) I now know this was a 1950s vintage BELL microwave tower, part of the TD-2 / Long Lines system - the first "long haul" coast to coast microwave network which meshed across the USA and Canada proving phone and television signals across the countries.  They really don't make towers like this anymore - there's a lot of steel, not just because the prices were lower, but because the microwave dishes (or Horns) were extremely heavy and the tower needed to be beefy.

Here is a technical journal from 1951 about the TD-2 system
http://www3.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol30-1951/articles/bstj30-4-1041.pdf

...and the later TD-3 system, with diagrams of the buildings
http://www3.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol47-1968/articles/bstj47-7-1511.pdf

1960 Map of AT&T Long Lines Routes
Courtesy of Terry Michaels & Long-Lines.net

If you zoom in on the Ontario section of the map, you'll see Kempis listed, and likely not coincidentally, microwave repeaters follow the Pinetree Line sites along HWY11 pretty well.  Yes, I think I'll be taking pictures of even more old microwave towers in the future. 

Was this one, that I found near Westport, Ontario part of the Bell Long Lines system too?  I'm not sure.  The building was concrete block, not steel.


Decommissioned microwave tower near Westport
I'm always excited to find another element of technology from the Pinetree Line time period, it helps put together the pieces and helps me understand what was, or wasn't, possible at the time.